Innovative Imaging Reveals Real-Time Behavior of Lead–Acid Batteries

In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have, for the first time, used neutron radiography to observe the internal structure and chemical behavior of a lead–acid battery during actual operation. This international collaboration, including scientists from Spain’s National Battery Institute, was published in January 2025.

To conduct the study, a specialized battery cell was designed to allow the passage of neutron beams. Under real charge/discharge cycles, scientists observed in-operando chemical reactions within the electrolyte and lead plates. Combined with Monte Carlo simulations, this imaging provided detailed insights into the material behavior and internal structure of the battery.

Why This Study Matters

A World First: This marks the first successful operational use of neutron imaging on a lead–acid battery.
Direct Observation of Material Dynamics: The research enabled real-time visualization of chemical reactions and electrolyte behavior under realistic conditions.
Potential for Future Studies: This technique could be used in the future to assess lead purity, sulfation levels, and structural degradation of battery plates.

Potential Applications

Improved design of more durable and reliable batteries through deeper understanding of internal processes.
Enhanced quality control processes with early detection of leaks or imbalances.
Increased accuracy of chemical modeling for better prediction of battery cycle life.

Conclusion

This pioneering research demonstrates how advanced techniques like neutron imaging can significantly improve our understanding of lead–acid battery performance. In the future, such technologies may lead to longer-lasting, higher-efficiency, and more reliable battery systems. For manufacturers and R&D-focused companies like Kerman Battery, this study opens exciting possibilities for innovation and product development.